Model CategoryLifecycle PPP Model
Payment MechanismAvailability / Service-Based
Time HorizonLong-Term (25–40 Years)
Regional PrevalenceEurope & OECD Markets
Strategic Applications
Transport Infrastructure
Roads, tunnels, bridges, and transit systems frequently use DBFO models to align construction quality with long-term operational performance.
Social Infrastructure
Hospitals, schools, prisons, and public buildings adopt DBFO structures where availability and service levels drive payment.
Project Suitability Analysis
DBFO models are optimal for projects with stable public funding and measurable service outputs. They incentivize whole-life cost optimization by integrating design, finance, and operations under one contract.
Risk Considerations & Scenarios
Key risks include financing cost volatility, long-term performance failure, and contract rigidity. These are mitigated through availability payments, performance deductions, and refinancing mechanisms.
Comparable & Alternative Models
DBOT · BOT · PFI · EPC + O&M
This platform supports DBFO-based project structuring by connecting public authorities with private financiers, designers, and operators through performance-driven lifecycle contracts.